The research behind every ingredient.

Chandrasekhar, K., Kapoor, J., & Anishetty, S. (2012). A prospective, randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-concentration full-spectrum extract of ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(3), 255–262.

A 60-day trial in 64 adults. The KSM-66 group (600mg daily) showed a 27.9% reduction in serum cortisol compared to placebo, alongside significant improvements in stress, anxiety, and overall wellbeing scores.

Langade, D., Kanchi, S., Salve, J., Debnath, K., & Ambegaokar, D. (2019). Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in insomnia and anxiety: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Cureus, 11(9).

8-week trial in 150 adults with insomnia. KSM-66 at 600mg daily produced statistically significant improvements in sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep quality, and morning alertness versus placebo.

Salve, J., Pate, S., Debnath, K., & Langade, D. (2019). Adaptogenic and anxiolytic effects of ashwagandha root extract in healthy adults: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study. Cureus, 11(12).

Demonstrated KSM-66 at 240mg daily significantly reduced anxiety and cortisol in healthy adults — at a dose lower than CLARIA's formulation, confirming efficacy within our dosing range.

Nobre, A.C., Rao, A., & Owen, G.N. (2008). L-Theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 17(S1), 167–168.

200mg L-Theanine significantly increased alpha brain wave activity within 40 minutes of ingestion — the relaxed, non-drowsy mental state that precedes natural sleep onset — without producing sedation.

Hidese, S., Ogawa, S., Ota, M., et al. (2019). Effects of L-Theanine administration on stress-related symptoms and cognitive functions in healthy adults: A randomised controlled trial. Nutrients, 11(10), 2362.

4-week trial at 200mg daily. L-Theanine significantly reduced sleep difficulty, anxiety, and stress-related symptoms compared to placebo in healthy adults.

Abbasi, B., Kimiagar, M., Sadeghniiat, K., et al. (2012). The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly adults. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17(12), 1161–1169.

Magnesium supplementation significantly improved sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, sleep time, and early morning awakening, alongside measurable reductions in serum cortisol and increases in serum melatonin.

Boyle, N.B., Lawton, C., & Dye, L. (2017). The effects of magnesium supplementation on subjective anxiety and stress — a systematic review. Nutrients, 9(5), 429.

Review of 18 studies concluding that magnesium supplementation shows consistent benefit for subjective anxiety in mildly anxious individuals and those under chronic stress.

Coudray, C., Rambeau, M., Feillet-Coudray, C., et al. (2005). Study of magnesium bioavailability from ten organic and inorganic Mg salts using a stable isotope approach. Magnesium Research, 18(4), 215–223.

Confirmed magnesium glycinate has significantly superior bioavailability compared to magnesium oxide — the form in most budget supplements, which showed approximately 4% absorption.

Pigeon, W.R., Carr, M., Gorman, C., & Perlis, M.L. (2010). Effects of a tart cherry juice beverage on the sleep of older adults with insomnia: A pilot study. Journal of Medicinal Food, 13(3), 579–583.

Montmorency tart cherry significantly increased sleep time and sleep efficiency compared to placebo in adults with chronic insomnia, attributed to melatonin content and melatonin synthesis support.

Howatson, G., Bell, P.G., Tallent, J., et al. (2012). Effect of tart cherry juice (Prunus cerasus) on melatonin levels and enhanced sleep quality. European Journal of Nutrition, 51(8), 909–916.

Montmorency tart cherry consumption significantly elevated urinary melatonin levels and improved sleep duration and quality compared to placebo. This study used the Montmorency cultivar referenced in CLARIA's formulation.

Cases, J., Ibarra, A., Feuillère, N., Roller, M., & Sukkar, S.G. (2011). Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 4(3), 211–218.

After 15 days at 300mg twice daily, 85% of participants reported improved sleep quality. Anxiety symptoms fell by 18% and insomnia by 42% versus baseline.

Kennedy, D.O., Little, W., & Scholey, A.B. (2004). Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(4), 607–613.

A single dose of lemon balm extract significantly reduced stress and improved calmness in a controlled setting — providing mechanistic support for its effect on cortisol sensitivity and the stress response.

Ebben, M., Lequerica, A., & Spielman, A. (2002). Effects of pyridoxine on dreaming: A preliminary study. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94(1), 135–140.

Confirmed B6's cofactor role in the conversion of tryptophan to serotonin, and serotonin to melatonin — the biochemical basis for its inclusion in CLARIA's formula as the final link in the melatonin synthesis chain.

Dakshinamurti, K., Sharma, S.K., & Geiger, J.D. (2003). Neuroprotective actions of pyridoxine. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1647(1–2), 225–229.

Documents B6's essential role in GABA biosynthesis — directly relevant to its inclusion alongside magnesium glycinate and lemon balm, all three of which support the GABAergic system through different mechanisms.